Are you partial to a Cava for those celebratory moments? Or do you like to savor a bold Rioja in the evenings? These are quintessential Spanish types of wine but what do you know about Spanish wine?
In our opinion, it's severely underrated so we created a guide to help you discover the captivating, sun-drenched world of Spanish wine.
From its storied history to diverse styles and our expert-curated list of best Spanish wines to try, we'll deepen your appreciation for Spain's liquid gold.
Skip to:
- The History of Spanish Wine
- Spanish Wine Regions You Should Know
- Indigenous Spanish Grape Varieties
- How Are Spanish Wines Produced?
- Spanish Wine Styles
- Our Best Spanish Wines to Try
- Impact of Climate Change on Spanish Wine
- Spanish Wine Culture
Is Spanish Wine the Best in the World?
The History of Spanish Wine
With an incredible Spanish winemaking history stretching back over 3,000 years, Spain's viticultural roots run deeper than any other country. The Phoenicians, ancient traders and explorers, first planted vines in the sun-drenched region around 1100 BC, setting the stage for a remarkable journey.
As the Romans conquered the land in the 2nd century BC, they brought with them new grape varieties and winemaking techniques, transforming the industry and leaving an indelible mark on Spanish wine culture.
Fast forward to the 19th century, when the phylloxera epidemic ravaged vineyards across Europe, threatening to bring the Spanish wine industry to its knees. So to combat this, Spanish winemakers replanted their vineyards with phylloxera-resistant American rootstock. This bold move not only saved the industry but also paved the way for a new era for Spanish wine.
Today, Spain stands proud as the third-largest wine producer in the world, a testament to its enduring passion and dedication. From the classic reds of Rioja to the crisp whites of Rías Baixas and the complex fortified wines of Jerez, Spanish wines offer an unparalleled diversity of styles and flavors. Every sip of Spanish wine tells a story, reflecting the country's rich history, vibrant culture, and unique terroir.
Spanish Wine Regions You Should Know
Get ready to explore the incredible world of Spanish wine regions! These regions are classified using a system that's as impressive as the wines themselves: Denominaciones de Origen (DO), with two regions – Rioja and Priorat – holding the prestigious Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa) status.
Additionally, there are 42 Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas (IGP) that highlight the unique terroirs and wine styles found throughout the country. Many Spanish vineyards are located within these designated Spanish wine regions, each with its own geographical origin and distinct characteristics.
Rioja
Located in northern Spain, Rioja is the country's most famous wine region, known for its elegant and age-worthy red wines made primarily from Tempranillo grapes. Rioja is the king of Spanish wine, with numerous Spanish vineyards contributing to its success.
Ribera del Duero
Situated along the Duero River in Castilla y León, Ribera del Duero produces powerful, full-bodied red wines from Tempranillo, locally known as Tinto Fino. This Spanish region is home to many acclaimed wineries and vineyards.
Priorat
This rugged, mountainous region in Catalonia is renowned for its intense, concentrated red wines made from Garnacha and Cariñena grapes grown on steep, slate-soiled terraces. The extreme climate and unique slate soils contribute to the distinctive character of Priorat wines.
Rías Baixas
Located in the cool, Atlantic-influenced region of Galicia, Rías Baixas is celebrated for its crisp, aromatic white wines made from the Albariño grape. The proximity to the sea level and the influence of the Atlantic Ocean create ideal conditions for growing Albariño grapes.
Cava
While not a geographical region, Cava is Spain's iconic sparkling wine, primarily produced in the Penedès region of Catalonia using the traditional method and local grape varieties like Macabeo, Parellada, and Xarel-lo. Many Spanish vineyards in this area are dedicated to producing grapes for Cava.
Jerez & Manzanilla
The sherry capital of the world, Jerez is located in southern Spain, in the Andalusia region. The unique fortified wines of Jerez, including Fino, Manzanilla, and Oloroso, are made from Palomino grapes and aged using the solera system.
Bierzo
Located in the northwestern region of Castilla y León, near the Portuguese border, Bierzo is known for its unique red wines made from the Mencía grape. The region's vineyards are planted on steep hillsides with slate and granite soils, which contribute to the wines' distinctive mineral character and complexity.
Toro
Situated along the Duero River in Castilla y León, Toro is famous for its powerful, full-bodied red wines made from the Tinta de Toro grape (a local clone of Tempranillo). The region's hot summers and sandy soils result in wines with intense fruit flavors, firm tannins, and high alcohol content.
La Mancha
La Mancha is the largest wine region in Spain, located in central Spain. This vast Spanish region is known for its expansive vineyards and production of both red and white wines. Many of the unclassified vineyards in Spain are found in La Mancha.
Txakoli
This small, coastal region in the Basque Country is known for its light, refreshing white wines made from the Hondarrabi Zuri grape. Txakoli wines are typically low in alcohol, high in acidity, and have a slight effervescence, making them a perfect match for the region's seafood-based cuisine.
Indigenous Spanish Grape Varieties
Spain is home to an astounding array of indigenous grapes that will take your taste buds on a wild ride. Each variety contributes its own unique personality to the country's diverse wine styles and regional identities, creating a kaleidoscope of flavors that will leave you craving more.
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Tempranillo: The backbone of red wines from Rioja and Ribera del Duero, Tempranillo is known for its medium to full body, red fruit flavors, and smooth tannins.
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Garnacha: Widely planted across Spain, Garnacha (also known as Grenache) produces rich, fruit-forward red wines with soft tannins and high alcohol content.
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Albariño: The star white grape of Rías Baixas, Albariño yields crisp, aromatic wines with citrus and stone fruit notes, perfect for pairing with the region's seafood delicacies.
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Monastrell: Also known as Mourvèdre, Monastrell thrives in the warm, arid regions of southeastern Spain, producing full-bodied, dark-fruited red wines with firm tannins.
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Verdejo: Native to the Rueda region in Castilla y León, Verdejo creates refreshing, herbaceous white wines with citrus and mineral notes.
How Are Spanish Wines Produced?
Spanish winemakers and producers employ a range of traditional and modern techniques to craft their distinctive wines:
Oak Aging
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Many Spanish red wines, particularly those from Rioja and Ribera del Duero, are aged in oak barrels (often American oak in Rioja and French oak in Ribera del Duero) to impart structure, complexity, and subtle flavors. This technique is crucial in the production of high-quality Spanish wines.
Carbonic Maceration
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This winemaking technique, commonly used for lighter-bodied red wines, involves fermenting whole, uncrushed grapes in a carbon dioxide-rich environment, resulting in fruity, low-tannin wines. Many Spanish wineries utilize this method to create unique wine styles.
Lees Aging
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Some white wines, such as those from Rueda and Rías Baixas, are aged on their lees (dead yeast cells) to develop a creamy texture and added complexity. This technique is employed by several Spanish wine producers to enhance the character of their white wines.
Spain also has a unique classification system for bottle aging that sets Spanish wines apart:
Crianza
Red wines aged for at least 2 years, with a minimum of 6 months in oak. White wines must be aged for at least 1 year, with a minimum of 6 months in oak. This classification ensures a minimum level of bottle age for Spanish wines.
Reserva
Red wines aged for at least 3 years, with a minimum of 1 year in oak. White wines must be aged for at least 2 years, with a minimum of 6 months in oak. Reserva wines showcase the potential of Spanish wine regions and the expertise of Spanish winemakers.
Gran Reserva
Red wines aged for at least 5 years, with a minimum of 18 months in oak. White wines must be aged for at least 4 years, with a minimum of 6 months in oak. Gran Reserva wines represent the pinnacle of Spanish wine production, highlighting the country's dedication to crafting age-worthy wines.
Spanish Wine Styles
Spain produces a wide range of wine styles, from fruity table wines to complex, age-worthy reds and crisp, refreshing whites. Many vineyard owners take pride in crafting wines that showcase the unique characteristics of their particular region, whether it's the bold reds of Rioja or the crisp whites of Rías Baixas.
Vino de España
Vino de España is a classification for Spanish wines that do not fall under any specific DO or IGP. These wines are often made from grapes sourced from various regions and offer a more affordable, easy-drinking option for consumers. Many of these wines are fruity and approachable, making them perfect for everyday enjoyment.
Vinos de Pago
Vinos de Pago is a special classification for single-estate wines that meet strict quality standards. These wines are produced from grapes grown in a specific vineyard, and the entire winemaking process takes place on the estate. Vinos de Pago represent the highest level of Spanish wine production and showcase the unique terroir of individual estates.
Red Wines
Spanish red wines are known for their boldness, depth, and complexity. Tempranillo-based wines from Rioja and Ribera del Duero are famous for their smooth tannins, ripe fruit flavors, and elegant oak aging. Garnacha-based wines from regions like Priorat and Montsant are celebrated for their intense, concentrated flavors and powerful structure. Other notable Spanish red wine styles include the Mencía-based wines of Bierzo, the Monastrell-based wines of Jumilla, and the Tinta de Toro-based wines of Toro.
White Wines
Spanish white wines are diverse and range from crisp, light-bodied styles to fuller, more complex expressions. The Albariño-based wines of Rías Baixas are renowned for their refreshing acidity, citrus and stone fruit flavors, and mineral character. The Verdejo-based wines of Rueda are known for their aromatic intensity, with notes of fennel, grass, and citrus. Other notable Spanish white wine styles include the Godello-based wines of Valdeorras, the Viura-based wines of Rioja, and the Hondarrabi Zuri-based wines of Txakoli.
Sparkling Wines
Cava, Spain's most famous sparkling wine, originated in the late 19th century as a response to the growing popularity of Champagne. Cava is produced using the traditional method, with secondary fermentation taking place in the bottle. The main grape varieties used in Cava production are Macabeo, Parellada, and Xarel-lo, which contribute to the wine's crisp acidity, citrus and stone fruit flavors, and toasty, brioche-like aromas. In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards the production of high-quality, single-vineyard Cavas that showcase the unique terroirs of the Penedès region.
Fortified Wines
Sherry, the iconic fortified wine from Jerez, has a long and complex history dating back to the 8th century. Sherry is made from the Palomino grape and is aged using the solera system, which involves blending wines of different ages to create a consistent flavor profile. The main styles of Sherry include Fino (dry, light-bodied, and crisp), Manzanilla (similar to Fino but with a more saline character), Amontillado (medium-bodied, nutty, and complex), Oloroso (full-bodied, rich, and intense), and Pedro Ximénez (sweet, dark, and raisiny). Sherry's unique flavor profiles and versatility make it a favorite among wine enthusiasts and sommeliers alike.
Our Best Spanish Wines to Try
Chosen by our esteemed wine specialist Gary Olasz, a seasoned veteran with over 18+ years of experience in the wine industry and currently serving as the Market Director APAC for Coravin. Gary holds both the prestigious DipWSET (Diploma, Level 4) from the Wine & Spirit Education Trust and the Advanced Sommelier certification from the Court of Master Sommeliers.
1. Commando G, Rumbo al Norte, Garnacha
This vibrant Garnacha from Commando G showcases the essence of high-altitude vineyards in Sierra de Gredos. Rumbo al Norte offers enticing aromas of ripe red berries and wild herbs – it's a great choice if you love fruity wine. On the palate, it delivers lively acidity and smooth tannins.
2. Terroir al Limit, Les Manyes, Priorat
Les Manyes from Terroir al Limit exemplifies the complexity found in Priorat wines. This blend of old-vine Garnacha and Cariñena presents a captivating bouquet of blackberries and sweet spices. The full-bodied palate is rich and concentrated, with well-integrated tannins.
3. Vall Llach, Mas de La Rosa, Priorat
Mas de La Rosa, a single-vineyard wine from Vall Llach, is a powerful expression of Priorat terroir. Crafted from old-vine Cariñena and Garnacha grown on slate-laden slopes, it boasts intense notes of ripe black fruits and minerals.
4. Rene Barbier-Sara Perez Gratallops Partida Bellvisos Blanco
This rare white wine from Rene Barbier and Sara Perez is a hidden gem from Priorat. Crafted from old-vine white Garnacha, it offers delicate aromas of white flowers and citrus. On the palate, it is crisp and refreshing with balanced acidity.
5. Vega Sicilia, Unico, Ribera del Duero
Vega Sicilia's Unico is legendary for its complexity and age-worthiness. This blend of Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon displays a complex bouquet of ripe black fruits, tobacco, and spice. The palate is full-bodied with fine-grained tannins.
6. Pingus, Ribera del Duero
Pingus, a cult wine from Ribera del Duero by Danish winemaker Peter Sisseck, is made from old-vine Tempranillo. It offers an intense nose of ripe black fruits and dark chocolate, with a full-bodied, concentrated palate.
7. Bodega Contador, Contador, Rioja
Contador, from Bodega Contador, is a modern expression of Rioja crafted from old-vine Tempranillo. It offers a captivating bouquet of ripe black fruits and sweet spices, with a full-bodied, structured palate.
8. Artadi, Vina El Pison, Rioja
Vina El Pison, from Artadi, is a single-vineyard wine representing the pinnacle of Rioja's terroir. This old-vine Tempranillo offers a complex bouquet of ripe black fruits and cedar, with an elegant, full-bodied palate.
9. Descendientes de J. Palacios La Faraona, Bierzo
La Faraona, from Descendientes de J. Palacios, showcases Bierzo's unique terroir. Crafted from old-vine Mencia, it offers a captivating bouquet of ripe black fruits and wild herbs, with a complex, full-bodied palate.
10. Rafael Palacios, Sorte O Soro, Valdeorras
Perfect as a table wine choice. Sorte O Soro, from Rafael Palacios, exemplifies the potential of Godello from Valdeorras. This old-vine Godello offers delicate aromas of white flowers and citrus, with a crisp, complex palate and refreshing finish.
Impact of Climate Change on Spanish Wine
As with many wine regions around the world, Spain is grappling with the effects of climate change on its vineyards and wines. Water scarcity and drought are becoming increasingly common challenges, impacting vine development and wine quality.
In response, Spanish winemakers are exploring innovative solutions, such as implementing water-efficient irrigation systems, planting drought-resistant grape varieties, and adopting sustainable viticultural practices to mitigate the impacts of climate change.
Spanish Wine Culture
Wine is at the beating heart of Spanish culture and cuisine, with many regions having their own unique wine traditions and festivals. One of the most famous wine festivals in Spain is the Batalla del Vino (Battle of Wine) in Haro, La Rioja. Held every year on June 29th, the festival involves thousands of participants throwing red wine at each other using buckets, water pistols, and other containers. The festival is believed to have originated in the 13th century as a dispute between the towns of Haro and Miranda de Ebro over the ownership of a nearby hill.
Another notable Spanish wine festival is the Fiesta de la Vendimia (Grape Harvest Festival) in Jerez, Andalusia. Held every September, the festival celebrates the start of the grape harvest season and features a range of events, including grape stomping competitions, flamenco performances, and sherry tastings. In Sanlúcar de Barrameda, a town in the province of Cádiz, the Manzanilla sherry is a specialty. Manzanilla is a dry, pale sherry that is aged under a layer of flor, a Spanish term for the yeast that grows on the surface of the wine.
Spanish wines are also an essential component of the country's famous tapas culture. Tapas are small, savory dishes that are typically served with wine or beer in bars and restaurants throughout Spain.
No discussion of Spanish wine culture would be complete without mentioning Sangria. This refreshing wine-based drink, typically made with red wine, fresh fruit, and sometimes brandy, is a beloved staple at social gatherings and restaurants across Spain. While it's especially popular during the hot summer months, Sangria is enjoyed year-round and has become a symbol of Spanish hospitality and laid-back lifestyle.
Craving Sangria but don't have a crowd to serve? With Coravin, you can effortlessly craft a single glass of this Spanish favorite whenever the mood strikes, ensuring every sip is as fresh as the first.
Ready to Drink and Explore Spanish Wine?
Spain offers an unparalleled array of wine styles and experiences. With its rich history, diverse terroirs, and passionate winemakers, Spain is a wine lover's dream destination.
And now, with the Coravin by-the-glass system, you can easily explore and enjoy a wide range of Spanish wines without committing to an entire bottle. Simply insert the Coravin needle through the cork, pour your desired amount, and preserve the remaining wine for weeks or even months. It's the perfect way to travel and taste Spain.